In brief
The largest documented number lives in Ghana: 3,963,017 people in the 2010 census.
Official figures exist for 2 countries; together they add up to 4,002,814. This is not an estimate of the world total: the censuses were held in different years (2001-2010) and define belonging differently, and countries without such data are not counted.
Where they live: census figures
Each figure comes from the country's official census. Censuses define belonging differently (self-identification, citizenship, mother tongue, ancestry); the type is given on each row.
Ghana
3,963,017
Niger
39,797
Sum across 2 countries4,002,814
Sources
- United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD). Demographic Yearbook, table 26: Population by national and/or ethnic group. Ghana, Census - de facto - complete tabulation, Final figure, complete. https://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=POP&f=tableCode%3a26%3bsexCode%3a0%3bareaCode%3a0%3bcountr…
- United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD). Demographic Yearbook, table 26: Population by national and/or ethnic group. Niger, Census - de jure - complete tabulation, Final figure, complete. https://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=POP&f=tableCode%3a26%3bsexCode%3a0%3bareaCode%3a0%3bcountr…